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Appendix I
Motif - the fundamental intellectual component of chess game/composition. It takes the form of the mutual interaction of the material (unit), spatial (square), and temporal (move) elements of chess.
The essence of a motif can be material (enabling or disabling the movement of a unit), spatial (guarding or attacking a square or squares, or cancelling an attack or guard), temporal (manoeuvring so as to gain or lose a tempo), relating to mate (creating or releasing a mating position), or relating to the king (checking the king, or preventing or disabling a check).
A motif can be realized by one move (direct) or by more moves (indirect). These moves can be executed by one unit (simple) or by more units (compound). The motif can be related to the present position of the units (immediate) or with a position which will appear after some moves (anticipatory).
Each motif has its content (what it is trying to achieve) and form (how it is realized).
Content of a motif - the basic intellectual purpose of the motif, expressing how it contributes to the fulfilment of the stipulation.
Disabling of a move - (content of a) motif as a result of which a given move cannot be realized.
Enabling of a move - (content of a) motif as a result of which a given move can be realized.
Attack on a square - (content of a) motif as a result of which a given square comes into range of a white unit (square control by positive motifs).
Cancellation of an attack on a square - (content of a) motif as a result of which a given square is taken out of range of a white unit (square control cancellation by negative motifs).
Guarding of a square - (content of a) motif as a result of which a given square comes into range of a black unit (square control by negative motifs).
Cancellation of a guard on a square - (content of a) motif as a result of which a given square is taken out of range of a black unit (square control cancellation by positive motifs).
Closure of a mating position - (content of a) motif as a result of which the degree of control of the squares around the relevant king is increased.
Release of a mating position - (content of a) motif as a result of which the degree of control of the squares around the relevant king is decreased.
Tempoing - a motif, as a result of which one side arrives in zugzwang.
Anti-tempoing - a motif, as a result of which one side is prevented from arriving in zugzwang.
Check - a motif which consists in an attack on the king.
Anti-check - a motif which consists in the prevention of an attack on the king.
Form of a motif - the outward and visible nature of the motif, expressing how its content is realized.
Line opening - form of a motif, as a result of which the mobility of a line-moving unit is increased. It consists in the move of a unit away from any square (except the end square) of the line controlled by the line-moving unit.
Line opening - a move of a unit away from any square (except the end square) of a line controlled by a line-moving unit.
Line closing - form of a motif, as a result of which the mobility of a line-moving unit is decreased. It consists in the move of a unit on to any square (except the end square) of the line controlled by the line-moving unit.
Line closing - a move of a unit on to any square (except the end square) of a line controlled by a line-moving unit.
Hurdle insertion - form of a motif, as a result of which the mobility of a leaping unit is increased. It consists in the move of a unit on to the line of leap.
Hurdle removal - form of a motif, as a result of which the mobility of a leaping unit is diminished. It consists in the removal of a unit from the line of leap.
Battery motifs - a general term for line opening and line closing motifs.
Battery - a positioning of two or more men which allows the mobility and control of squares of one of them to be increased by the removal of a second from its line of action.
If this control refers to
- the square on which the adverse king stands (direct battery) - check by line opening
- a square forming part of a mating position menacing the adverse king (indirect battery) - closing of a mating position by line opening
- a square on which an adverse unit stands - enabling capture by line opening
- any other square - enabling a move by line opening
Arrival - increasing the mobility of a unit towards a thematic square as a consequence of its move.
Departure - destroying the mobility of a unit towards a thematic square as a consequence of its move.
Obstruction motifs - a general term for blocking and unblocking motifs.
Blocking - form of a motif, as a result in which the motif materializes through the arrival of a unit on the target square of another unit of the same colour.
Unblocking - form of a motif, as a result in which the motif materializes through the departure of a unit from the target square of another unit of the same colour.
Hurdle motifs - a general term for motifs in which the movement of a hopping unit is enabled or prevented by the arrival of another unit on its line of action.
Antibattery - a placing of two or more units, which enables one of them to start to act on certain squares as a consequence of the arrival of another unit on its line of action or on the line of another unit by which its mobility is controlled.
Paralyzing motifs - a general term for motifs involving paralyzing and freeing from paralysis.
Paralyzing - form of a motif in which the power of movement of a unit is disabled by another unit with paralyzing ability.
Unparalyzing (release from paralysis) - form of a motif in which the power of movement of a paralyzed unit is restored by cancelling the effect of a unit with paralyzing ability.
Negative motif - a motif acting against the fulfilment of the stipulation.
Positive motif - a motif acting towards the fulfilment of the stipulation.
Attacking motif - a positive motif in a move by White.
Harmful (error) motif - a positive motif in a move by Black.
Defensive motif - a negative motif in a move by Black.
Weakening motif - a negative motif in a move by White.
1. According to aim (how they influence the fulfilment of the stipulation)
| positive | negative | active | passive | |
| in a move by White | A (attacking) | W (weakening) | A (attacking) | W (weakening) |
| in a move by Black | H (harmful) | D (defensive) | D (defensive) | H (harmful) |
2. According to content (to which object of chess composition they refer)
| space | material | time | mating position | king | |
| in a move by White | A | B | C | D | E |
| in a move by Black | a | b | c | d | e |
3. According to form (how they are realized - how many units are used, how
many moves and in what space)
| number of units | one | simple | 1 arrival | withdrawal | |
| more | compound | 2 line opening | line closind (interference) | battery | |
| 3 unblocking | blocking | obstruction | |||
| 4 capture | not capture | X mover / Y capturer | |||
| 5 creation of a hurdle | removal of a hurdle | antibattery | |||
| 6 unparalyzing | paralyzing | ||||
| number of moves | one | direct | |||
| more | indirect | by the same side | a (anticipatory) | ||
| by both sides | m (masked) | ||||
| place | in place of the object | near | |||
| out of the object | d (distant) |
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